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what are the implication of fallen price of crude oil in Nigeria

February 5th, 2009

I am currently bound to make a standpoint or perhaps an ordinary analysis such that of an ordinary person whose experience is not quite that of an expert.  The idea that I would like to present unto my readers right now basically comes from an ordinary citizen’s viewpoint.  The same line of thought may be well explained or described but nevertheless, cant escape the fact that it somehow tend to be quite bias in some ways.  I will pursue what I think is just and will opt to tap my best abilities in trying to explain these things on a free and just manner.  The viewpoint that I would like to focus onto is rather a critical and sensitive matter to tackle.  It is all about the possible implications of the fallen price of crude oil in Nigeria.  A common business analyst or an economist would simply dazzle us with their answers to this problem.  But the same will nevertheless be powdered with their technical data such as statistics and some business-related or economics jargons and figures which would make the thing more complicated instead of being answered on a very understandable manner.

Inasmuch as we don’t want to drift ourselves with flowery words and stick more on its technicalities, we must ward-off any complex factors first that surrounds it and approach or attack the same on a more liberal, easy and comprehensible way.  In this case, looking the issue on a bird’s eye view and on a simple member of the society perspective will somewhat spark us a light on the matter.

Oil.  Crude oil in particular.  What would easily come to mind when we think of these?  The most probable answer is that it is one of the most treasured natural resources that one could have nowadays.  A country being able to produce such is a sure global winner, so to speak.  Economists would rather quip that one of the basis of one’s growing and developing economy is measured by the amount of its produce.  It is for the main reason that everything or almost everything and everything relies on it.  Crude oil aside from gold, copper or any other resources, is one of the major factors that affect the economy of not just a single country but even the whole world.  It is therefore a blessing for a specific country or nation to have or to produce such a treasure.

On a practical and everyday living perspective, crude oil as wee see and know it, is used on many machineries and industries like the transport, maritime, commercial, manufacturing and on almost every aspect of a nation’s economic operation.  It is likewise the main reason why it is so very important that a mere fluctuation on its price or production can ruin or save an entire nation or even the world in itself.  But somehow, a downside of this great phenomenon is manifested by those nations that hardly produce the required amount and quantity of crude oil in order to run well and manage their various industries.  Some developing nations are also faced with this reality that is why they rely on those nations or countries that offer or sell these products as the same are abundant on their side.

We all know that aside from the oil and other related products that come from the Middle East, the country Nigeria in West Africa is one, if not one of the largest crude oil producing nations in the world.  Crude oil in Nigeria was tapped as early as the British discovery in the late 1950’s.  A large amount of oil deposits were said to have been unearthed in the Niger Delta.  The oil discovery in the country was accompanied and marred by political and military unrests that continued to last until its nations imperilment to give way to a more suitable and sustainable economic growth within its nation as well onto the other countries that rely mostly on their supply.  Nigeria is considered to have one of the largest oil deposits, wells, drilling and other oil-related activities throughout the world.  They currently supply a majority of the world’s oil needs among countries that rely badly on crude oil in their industries.

But what would happen if the price of oil in Nigeria started to go down?  What would be the end results for Nigeria as amongst the major oil suppliers and the possibilities or implications as regards to its loyal customers?  As early as last year saw a dramatic decrease in the price of crude oil in Nigeria.  These were mainly on the cause of slow production, less activity in the processing and manufacturing aspect that is brought about by the political leadership inconsistencies and such other political factors which mainly aims to control the industry by monopolizing the same and probably gaining or profiting more from it than the usual.  These somewhat greedy political and self-motivated agendas led to the rise of uninterested industries and less active souls to push and develop their given treasure.  We then make our simple analysis and try to draw the best possible answers to our posted problem by doing a simple seller-buyer idea.

1.  Our law of supply and demand stated in our economic books would state that it is obvious for the demands to move upwards and increase as the prices tend to lower down.  In our scenario, since the Nigerian crude oil continues to drop down, an expected increase in the demands of countries that rely mainly to crude oil will definitely rise.  A more complicated scenario of these is if these vital products could go to the extent of possibly going out of stock as the demands and orders have and will continue to rise.  Such is a different case for Nigeria and other large crude oil producers.  Their supply is overwhelming that they really need to lower down their prices.  Demands on these abundant supplies will equalize and may have to suffer a lot with its lower price.

2.  Just like in any given commodity that has gone from a high price and suddenly plummeted down to a series of low ones, crude oil producers might, in order to stay in the business, try to horde or keep a considerable number of supply in their backyards and wait for the ample time to sell their products which is when the price starts to recover from its slump.  A Chinese businessman would have just an ordinary day in the office by just merely applying his oriental idea in handling his supply.  Considering the supply stays the same or is more likely to be abundant because of its availability, selling these in bulk or in large quantities even at a lower price would yield a considerable amount of profits.  Although the supply sector would be greatly affected by these strategy, it would be economically wise to let your supply suffer a bit rather than face the possibility not ever having to move forward and gain or profit for the great volume of supply that you have.

3.  A great economic challenge now stands before the government, particularly the government of Nigeria.  As the current events will tell, said nation is doing everything possible to address this situation by imploring economic strategies such as subsidies and proper budget allocations.

4.  With these economic shifts, it would only show that the world right now needs less oil in developing and it surely will affect the price of other commodities that rely mostly on crude oil and such products.  Having this scenario brings us to the point of prices of everything have also to down.  And the lowering of prices on almost everything will definitely hamper a nation’s economy as more industries will suffer in order to sustain themselves.  A common businessman would definitely think of survival in these trying times and would rather sacrifice a certain factor down the drain than ever having to close down the entire business.  This is what exactly is happening right now as more world-renowned and used to be stable companies are starting to down-size fractions of its labor, manufacturing and supply operations.  It is evident that this low price in crude oil triggers a domino-effect reality where everything in its path and the industries that rely heavily on oil also loses their respective focuses, starts to suffer in costs and eventually goes down.

5.    The most economic blows received, the loser and the one that suffers most here in the end is no one else but us simple consumers.  To a certain degree, this economic activities do look good and promising as one easily foresee it as an event that would definitely lower down the costs of goods.  We must also realize that the supply, quality and quantity of a certain good also relies on the capability of its manufacturer to maintain and sustain its productivity in terms of those factors and all these cannot be possible if the price of a certain important industrial commodity such as oil is in its lowest ever.

We should be wary of the great possibility of a more trying times if these global economic crisis will start to recover.  Much is expected when we finally get over with these realities.  Producers alike will try to jack-up prices when they start to recover in order to sustain their industries.  As they say, the show will not be over until it is over.  Much is yet to come and on our case as mere ordinary consumers and industry workers, we must put in our minds on at least a thought that there are no such things as a “financial crisis” or “challenging times” for an aggressive an industrious person.

Fan Submitted

Different New Years Days From Around The World

November 10th, 2008

I’ve bee doing a little research over the years on the different New Years days from around the world and found as many as (80 New Year’s Days per year).

Offcourse there are many more that I haven’t found so if you know of any please PM me
Many New Year’s Days, especially religious ones such as the Chinese, Jewish, Indian and Islamic, change from year to year. I have tried to be as accurate as possible.

before 1752, Americans celebrated New Year’s Day on March 25th (Lady Day according to the old Celtic religion and the Feast of the Annunciation according to the Christian religion). Great Britain and its colonies changed their New Year’s celebrations to January 1st when they changed from the old Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar in 1751.

January 2009

1 — New Year’s Day — The world’s most widely celebrated holiday, New Years was set on January 1 by Julius Caesar because that was the date the Roman consuls took over their duties.
1 — Japanese New Year’s Day — Also known as Gantan-sai, shogatsu or Oshogatsu, this Shinto holiday celebrates the new year with prayers for renewal, good health, and prosperity.
7 — Egyptian New Year’s Day (Sekhmet) — Honored the Egyptian goddess of the sun.
8 — Druidic New Year (according to one source)
9 — Mahayana Buddhist New Year — In Mahayana Buddhist countries, the new year starts on the first full moon day in January.
11 — Old Scottish New Year — On the old Scottish New Year (the original Hogmanay before the calendar changed in 1660), Scots celebrate the Burning of the Clavie (a tar-filled barrel). This burning is symbolic of purification.
13 — Hen Galan New Year’s Day — For the 200 inhabitants of Gwaun Valley, near Fishguard, Dyfed in Wales, the new year does not begin until January 13th because they’ve stuck with the Julian calendar and did not give up the 11 days lost when the rest of Great Britain switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1752. They call their New Year’s Day Hen Galan.
13 – Serbian New Year – The Serbian Orthodox Church still uses Julius Caesar’s outdated calendar, which trails the secular, Gregorian calendar by 14 days. As a result, Serbia’s Christmas falls on January 7.
14 — Armenian New Year — Because Armenia still relies on the old Julian calendar, they celebrate New Year’s on January 14th.
14 — Eastern Orthodox New Year’s Day — Some Eastern Orthodox churches, such as the Russian Orthodox church, celebrate New Year’s Day on this date (which is the new year for the Julian calendar as of this year).
14 — Julian New Year — The Roman Era year of 2761 begins on January 14, 2009. During the 20th and 21st centuries, this is the New Year’s Day for the Julian calendar. Some Eastern Orthodox churches still celebrate New Year’s on this day.
15 — Procrastinator’s New Year — If you are a procrastinator, you should be getting around to celebrating the new year today. Do it today. Or tomorrow. No hurry.
26 — Chinese New Year (Sun Nin) — The Chinese New Year of 4706 (in 2009) is celebrated at sunset on the day of the new moon in the sign of Aquarius. 2009 is the year of the ox.
26 — Korean New Year (Sol-Nal) — The Lunar New Year is celebrated at sunset on the day of the second new moon after the winter solstice. The Koreans celebrate this new year day as Sol-Nal, the most important of their annual holidays.
26 — Lunar New Year — The Lunar New Year is celebrated at sunset on the day of the new moon of the second new moon after the winter solstice.
26 — Tibetan New Year (Losar) — Losar, the Tibetan New Year, is held at the same time as the Chinese New Year and Lunar New Year. Note: Some Tibetans celebrate their New Year a month later as Ugyen Thinley Dorje. The Karmapa Lama of Tibetan Buddhism, led prayers to mark the new year.
26 — Vietnamese New Year (Tet) — On the day of the lunar new year, the Vietnamese people celebrate the most important holiday of their year. They believe that what happens during the coming year is established by what happens during the first three days of the year.
28 — Traditional Scottish New Year — Many Scots traditionally celebrated the new year at the beginning of the Runic half month of Elhaz (which runs from January 28 to February 11). This month signifies sanctuary, protection, optimistic power.

February 2009

1 — Old Irish New Years Day — Some Celtics in Ireland celebrated the new year during the festival of Imbolc, also known as the Festival of Lights. It was a festival celebrating the reawakening of the earth.
3 — Setsubun (Bean Throwing Festival) — According to the Japanese lunar/solar calendar, this festival marks the last day of winter. As such, it is often referred to as New Year’s Eve (even though it rarely coincides with the Lunar New Year since it is officially held on the day before the Japanese spring). People crowd the temples to throw beans to drive away imaginary devils, shouting “Fortune in, devils out!” Web:
9 — Tu B’Shevat (New Year of Trees) — The Jewish Arbor Day or New Year of Trees (one of four Mishnaic new year’s feasts) was originally the time to set the tithe for fruit trees. It now allows us to show respect to trees and other plants, celebrate our connection to the environment, and appreciate the fruits of the land. It is celebrated on the 15th day of Shevat in the Hebrew calendar (although it was once set for the 1st of Shevat). Plant a tree or eat a piece of fruit on this day.
21 – Kurdish New Year – (Newroz) – Celebration of the traditional Iranic New Year holiday of Nowruz in Kurdish society, Though celebrations vary, people generally gather together to welcome the coming of spring; people wear coloured clothes and flags of green, yellow and red, the colours of the Kurdish people are waved.
26 — Tibetan New Year (Ugyen Thinley Dorje) — Some Tibetans celebrate their New Year a month later than the Lunar New Year as Ugyen Thinley Dorje. The Karmapa Lama of Tibetan Buddhism, led prayers to mark the new year.

March 2009

1 — Old Roman New Year — The Festival of Mars, aka Feriae Marti, honored Mars, the Roman god of war. It was also the New Year’s Day in the old Roman calendar.
1 — Venice New Year Day — During the Middle Ages, March 1st was the New Year’s Day celebrated by the city of Venice.
7 — Balinese New Year Day — Also called Nyepi. During this day, no one talks, travels, or works. It’s a day for silence, prayer, and meditation.
8 — Sun Rise Day — The world’s most northerly village, Longyearbyen, Norway celebrates the first dawn of the new year (their New Year’s Day). Around noon on this day, they celebrate their first glimpse of the sun since it sat in October. The long night of winter is compensated by the midnight sun of summer.
14 — Sikh New Year Day — The year 2009 is the year 541 in the Sikh Nanakshahi Calendar. It is the first day of Chet, the first month of the Sikh calendar.
21 — Astrological New Year — The astrological year begins with the first day of the sign of Aries.
21 — Baha’i New Year (Naw-Ruz) — The Baha’i new year is always celebrated on the 21st. This new year is also known as the Day of God. 2009 is year 165 in the Baha’i religion.
21 — Old Russian New Year — From 1500 to 1725, some parts of Russia celebrated the new year on the Vernal Equinox.
21 — Persian New Year (Noruz) — The Persian or Iranian New Year is a national holiday in Iran and some other Middle East countries. Always held on the spring equinox, 2009 is the year 1388 in the Persian calendar.
21 — Zoroastrian New Year (Jamshedi) — The Zoroastrian New Year (Jamshedi) is always on March 21st. The year 2009 is the year 1379 in the Fasli calendar. This day was named after the legendary King of Persia, Jamshed who started the Parsi Calendar.
22 — Saka New Year — Also known as the Hindu Dharma New Year. The official calendar of the country of India celebrates its new year (2066 in 2009). Also known as the Maharashtrian New Year.
25 — Old British New Year — Before the Calendar Adjustment Act of 1751, Great Britain and its U.S. colonies celebrated New Year’s Day on March 25 because it is Lady Day as well as the Feast of the Annunciation.
26 — God’s Holyday New Year — According to some Christians, the true New Year’s Day should be celebrated on the first new moon after the vernal equinox (first day of spring).
26 — New Year for Kings — In Mishnaic times, the first of Nissan (the first month of the Hebrew calendar) was celebrated as the New Year for Kings and festivals. The Mishna also celebrated three other New Years’s: Elul 1 (for animal tithes), Tishrei 1 (for vegetable tithes), and Tu B’Shevat (for tree tithes).
27 — A Hindi New Year — The Hindi New Year is on the day following the new moon on or after the spring equinox. Year 2009 is the year 2066 in this Hindu calendar. Also known as Bikrami Samvat. Note: Some people celebrate the Hindi New Year on Diwali.
27 — Telugu New Year’s Day — Also known as Ugadi, this day is celebrated on the day after the new moon following the vernal equinox (first day of spring). It is the day Krishna gave up his mortal body in a sacred place of pilgrimage called Prabahatsa, near Dvaraka. Ugadi falls on Chaitra Sudhdha Paadyami or the first day of the bright half of the Hindu month of Chaitra.

April 2009

1 — Old French New Years Day — Before the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar (and January 1st as New Year’s Day) in 1564, France celebrated March 25th as New Year’s Day and continued to celebrate for a full week. Since many people continued to celebrate the New Year’s festival on April 1st, they became objects of local jokes — April fools. This day is now celebrated as a time for jokes, pranks, and making fools of others or yourself. Also known as All Fool’s Day, April Noddy Day, Gowkie Day, and Gowkin’ Day (Scottish for cuckoo).
3 — Seleucid Era New Year Day — In 311 B.C., the Seleucid Era began. Also, on this date in 245 B.C., the Era of Arsaces started.
9 — Theravadin Buddhist New Year — The Tharavadin Buddhists of Thailand, Burma, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Lao celebrate the new year on the first full moon day of April with three days of celebration.
10 — Kashmiri New Lunar Year — Also known as Navreh.
14 — Solar New Year (Songkran) — This new year’s day is celebrated in many southeast Asia countries as Baisakhi in India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka (or Varushapirapu); Songkran in Thailand; Boum Pimay or Bun-Pi-Mai-Lao in Laos; Thingyan in Myanmar; and Bon Chol Chhnam in Cambodia. The exact time on the 13th or 14th is determined by astrologers. This day marks the celestial passage of Pisces into Aries, when Thagyamin, king of the celestials, visits the human world to judge each person’s actions during the past year. This water festival is celebrated by spraying water on passer-bys and friends.
14 — Nepali New Year Day — The year 2009 is the year 2066 in the Nepali Bikram Sambat calendar. Also known as Baisakh 1 or Bisket Jatra.
14 — Sikh New Year Day (Vaisaki) — The year 2009 is the year 311 in the Sikh calendar. On this day in 1699, Guru Gobind Singh created the Brotherhood of the Pure.
14 — Sinhala/Tamil New Year’s Day — Sri Lankans celebrate their national new year’s day (Puththandu in Tamil and Aluth Avurudhu in Sinhala). The specific time of the new year is set by astrologers on the 13th or 14th. The sun moving from the house of Pisces to the house of Aries signals the dawn of the new year.
15 — Assamese New Year Day — Also known as Bohag Bihu. This new year day is celebrated in many northern Indian states.
24 — Babylonian New Year — The Babylonian New Year begins the Nabonassar Era Year 2752 on April 25th (24th on leap years).

May 2009

2 — Buddhist New Year — Buddha, the enlightened one, lived in India from 563 BC to 483 BC. Some Buddhist sects celebrate his birthday on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month as their New Year’s Day. Also known as Buddha Purnima or Buddha Jayanti. Note: Some sects now celebrate Buddha’s birthday on April 8th.

June 2009

21 — Ancient Greek New Year — Some versions of the ancient Greek calendar celebrated the new year on the summer solstice.
21 — Aymara New Year’s Day (Machaj Mara) — Bolivia’s Aymara Indians celebrate their new year’s day during the southern hemisphere’s winter solstice. 2009 is year 5017 in their calendar. They call the new year Machaj Mara. Happy Machaj Mara!
21 — Neolithic New Year Day — Many neolithic cultures celebrated the new year on the first day of summer.
29 — Runic New Year — In the Wicca religion, this day marks the beginning of Feoh, the half-month of wealth and success. It is the first month of the runic year. This day is sacred to Frey and Freyja, the god and goddess of the earth.

July 2009

9 — Armenian New Year — The Armenian Era, an old way of measuring time, began on July 9, 552.
21 — Mayan New Year — According to one source, July 21st was the old Mayan New Year.

August 2009

19 — Zoroastrian New Year Day — The Zoroastrian New Year for those Zoroastrians who follow the Shenshai calendar. The older sect of Parsis celebrates the first day of the month of Farvardm as their New Year.
20 — Malayalam New Year — On the new moon in late August or early September (the first day of the Hindu month of Bhadon), the southern Indian state of Kerala celebrates its new year.
20 — New Year for Animal Tithes — The Mishna sets up the first day of Elul (Hebrew calendar) as the New Year for Animal Tithes, essentially the new year for taxes. This holiday (one of four Mishnaic new years days) has not been celebrated since the Babylonian diaspora.
30 — Alexandrian New Year — The first day of the month of Thoth was the beginning of the new year in the Greco-Egyptian calendar of ancient Alexandria. As the secretary of the Egyptian gods, Thoth was the god of writing, languages, laws, annals, calculations, mathematics, scribes, and magicians. He also made the calendar.

September 2009

1 — Macedonian New Year — The ancient Macedonians celebrated the new year on September 1st.
1 — Orthodox Christian New Year — This day marks the new year for some Russian Orthodox Christians.
1 — Old Russian New Year — In 1699, Peter the Great ordered the Russian New Year changed from September 1 to January 1.
10 — African New Year — Approximately every 1,460 years Sirius, part of the Orion constellation, rises directly behind the sun. This event, which is traditionally celebrated annually on September 10th in some African countries, marks the beginning of the African new year.
11 — Ethiopian New Years Day — This is a national holiday in Ethiopia. 2009 is the year 2002 in the Ethiopian calendar. 11th most years, 12th in leap years.
12 — Coptic New Year — The Diocletian Era, an old way of measuring the years, begins on September 11th or 12th. Under this system, 2009 is actually year number 1726. This calendar measures the Coptic New Year.
14 — Byzantine New Year — The Byzantine Era year of 7518 begins on September 14, 2009.
14 — Grecian New Year (Selucidae) — The Grecian New Year (Selucidae) begins on September 14 (year 2321 in 2009).
19 — Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) — Rosh Hashanah, which begins on the first day of the Jewish month of Tishri (Tishrei), is also called the Day of Judgment and Remembrance. It begins the Ten Days of Penitance. Originally, it was the day of the creation of man and woman. In Mishnaic times, it was the new year for years, for release, and for vegetable tithes. Rosh Hashanah 2009 begins the year 5768 in the Jewish calendar.
22 — French Revolutionary New Year — In October 1793, the revolutionaries of the French Republic inaugurated a new calendar (Le Calendrier Republicain) that celebrated the new year on September 22 (the first day following the establishment of the Republic in 1792).
22 — Ancient Egyptian New Year — Some versions of the ancient Egyptian calendar celebrated the new year on the autumnal equinox.

October 2009

1 — Malay New Year
17 — Hindu New Year (Diwali) — Celebrated at the new moon in late October or early November, this Festival of Lights celebrates the return of Lord Rama after a 14-year exile and his defeat of the evil king Ravana (symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness). Also known as Hindu Solidarity Day, Divali, Deevali, Dipavali, Deepavali, Laxmi Puja, or Mahalakshmi, it also honors Lakshmi, goddess of good fortune, wealth, and prosperity. In India, the celebration goes on for a few days before and after the new year. It is considered by some as one of the Hindu New Years (sometimes celebrated the day after Diwali as Vikram New Year).
18 — Jain New Year — Celebrated on the day after Diwali, this is the new year’s day for the Jain religion (year 2066 in 2009). It is the day of the attainment of Moksha by Mahavir Swami and the day when his chief disciple Gautam Swami attained Kevalgnan.
18 — Nepal Sambat New Year — This new years day is held on the new moon near or after October 20th. It celebrates the day in 879 (October 20th) that merchant Samkhadhar Shakhwaa paid off the debt of the people of Nepal to provide a new beginning for the people of Nepal. 2009 is year 1129 in the Sambat calendar.
31 — Druid New Year (Samhain) — This ancient feast of Sacred Fire celebrated the Druid New Year. It celebrates the reunion of Morrighan, a Celtic goddess, with Dagda, the good god. It is also known as the Celtic Feast of the Dead, the Feast of Souls, or Calan Gaeaf. Sometimes now celebrated on November 1st.

November 2009

29 — Liturgical New Year — The season of Advent begins with the fourth Sunday before Christmas and ends with Christmas Day. It is a preparation time before the celebration of the birth of Christ. It is also the beginning of the new liturgical year for Christians of the West.

December 2009

4 — Sikkimese New Year — The Sikkimese New Year or Losoong is celebrated on the 18th day of the 10th month of the Tibetan lunar calendar. It is also called Sonam Losar or the Farmer’s New Year.
21 — Irish Druidic New Year — According to at least one source, the Irish Druidic New Year begins on the winter solstice.
21 — Norse New Year — The Norse New Year begins on the winter solstice.
24 — Celtic Tree New Year — Today is the first day of the Birch Moon, the first month in the Celtic Tree Calendar.
25 — Papal States New Year — Before 1582, the Papal States and some other Italian city states celebrated New Year’s Day on Christmas Day.
18 — Islamic New Year (Muharram) — At sundown, year 1431 of the Islamic Era begins. The first day of Muharram commemorates Prophet Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina (the Hegira or Hijra), the first major event in the development of Islam. This date varies from year to year.

Copyright by nzindiboy

My heartful thanks to nzindiboy for his indepth research and great article. And I also thanks Conquistador for sharing this with us. But full credit goes to Nzindiboy for actually writing up this great piece of article. We shall remember you forever and ever for such a great piece of work.

Thanks and keep up the good work.

Fan Submitted

Speed Up your Internet 100% Thorough Guide

November 8th, 2008

1.Increase bandwidth by tweaking QoS in Windows XP Pro

The following tweak applies only to Windows XP Professional edition.

The default system behavior is that all 100% bandwidth is available, however, if there is a running application that indicates to the OS it needs to send high priority/real time data, then as long as it has the socket open, Windows XP will restrict “best effort” traffic to 80% of the bandwidth so that high priority traffic can be accommodated. Basically, applications can make this request to the operating system for QoS support using the QoS application programming interfaces (APIs) in Windows and this only applies if a specific app is requesting QoS.

If you’d like to change how much bandwidth is reserved for QoS (the default is 20% of the total bandwidth), do the following:

1. Make sure you’re logged in as “Administrator” (not just any account with admin privileges).
2. Navigate to START>Run and type: gpedit.msc
3. Navigate to Local Computer Policy > Administrative Templates > Network > QOS Packet Scheduler
4. In the right window, double-click the limit reservable bandwidth setting
5. On the setting tab, check the enabled setting.
6. Where it says “Bandwidth limit %”, change it to read 0 (or whatever percentage you want to reserve for high priority QoS data)
7. Click OK, close gpedit.msc

Under START > My Computer > My Network Connections > View Network Connections, right-click on your connection and under Properties (where it lists your protocols), make sure QOS Packet Scheduler is enabled.

The tweak desribed below helps boost priority for DNS & hostname resolution in general. What this means is, it helps web pages load faster, and has negligible effect on downloads (not counting the couple of ms gain with the host resolution at connect-time).

Applying this tweak assumes some proficiency in editing the Windows Registry using Regedit (Start > Run > type: regedit). As always, backup your Registry before making any changes so you can revert to the previous state if you don’t like the results.

2.Host Resolution Priority Tweak host name resolution priority Windows 2k/XP

First, open the Windows Registry using Regedit, and (after backing up) navigate to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\ServiceProvider

Note the following lines (all hex dwords):

Class = 008 (8) – indicates that TCP/IP is a name service provider, don’t change.

LocalPriority = 1f3 (499) – local names cache
HostsPriority = 1f4 (500) – the HOSTS file
DnsPriority = 7d0 (2000) – DNS
NetbtPriority = 7d1 (2001) – NetBT name-resolution, including WINS

What we’re aiming to do is increase the priority of the last 4 settings, while keeping their order. The valid range is from -32768 to +32767 and lower numbers mean higher priority compared to other services. What we’re aiming at is lower numbers without going to extremes, something like what’s shown below should work well:

Change the “Priority” lines to:
LocalPriority = 005 (5) – local names cache
HostsPriority = 006 (6) – the HOSTS file
DnsPriority = 007 (7) – DNS
NetbtPriority = 008 (8) – NetBT name-resolution, including WINS

Windows 9x/ME

The tweak is essentialy the same as in Windows 2000/XP, just the location in the Registry is slightly different. For a more detailed description see the Windows 2000/XP section above.

Open the Windows Registry using Regedit, and (after backing up) navigate to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\VxD\MSTCP\ServiceProvider

You should see the following settings:

Class=hex:08,00,00,00

LocalPriority=hex:f3,01,00,00
HostsPriority=hex:f4,01,00,00
DnsPriority=hex:d0,07,00,00
NetbtPriority=hex:d1,07,00,00

The “priority” lines should be changed to:

LocalPriority=hex:05,00,00,00
HostsPriority=hex:06,00,00,00
DnsPriority=hex:07,00,00,00
NetbtPriority=hex:08,00,00,00

Reboot for changes to take effect.

In addition to the tweaks already covered in Win 2k/XP Registry Tweaks and More Win 2k/XP Tweaks, the Windows XP Service Pack 2 introduces a few new issues covered in the article below. Please make sure you understand what you are doing before making any changes to your Operating System. Note the information below only applies to Windows XP Service Pack 2.

3.Remove the limit on TCP connection attempts

Windws XP SP2 introduces a few new twists to TCP/IP in order to babysit users and “reduce the threat” of worms spreading fast without control. In one such attempt, the devs seem to have limited the number of possible TCP connection attempts per second to 10 (from unlimited in SP1). This argumentative feature can possibly affect server and P2P programs that need to open many outbound connections at the same time.

Rant: The forward thinking of Microsoft developers here is that you can only infect 10 new systems per second via TCP/IP ?!?… If you also consider that each of those infected computers will infect 10 others at the same rate:

second 1: 1+10 computers
second 2: 10+10*10 computers (110 new ones)
second 3: 10+100*10 computers ( 1110 new ones)
second 4: 10+1000*10 computers (11110 new ones)
….
all the way to 10*60 + 10^60 computers in a single minute (that’s a number with 60 digits, or it would far exceed Earth’s population). Even if we consider that 90% of those computers are unreachable/protected, one would still reach ALL of them within a minute.

In other words, even though it is not going to stop worm spreading, it’s going to delay it a few seconds, limit possible network congestion a bit, and limit the use of your PC to 10 connection attempts per second in the process ! I have no problem with the new default setting limiting outbound connection attempts. Still, users should have the option to easily disable or change this setting. I might be going out on a limb here, but ever since the introduction of Windows XP I can’t help thinking that I dislike all the bult-in Windows “wisardry” in a sense that the system also limits user access. That irritating trend to ease the mental load on end users is somewhat insulting, considering that Windows is to make the more “intelligent” choice instead of the end user, as well as limit their access to tuning such settings…

End of rant.

With the new implementation, if a P2P or some other network program attempts to connect to 100 sites at once, it would only be able to connect to 10 per second, so it would take it 10 seconds to reach all 100. In addition, even though the setting was registry editable in XP SP1, it is now only possible to edit by changing it directly in the system file tcpip.sys. To make matters worse, that file is in use, so you also need to be in Safe mode in order to edit it.

You only need to worry about the number of connection attempts per second if you have noticed a slowdown in network programs requiring a number of connections opened at once. You can check if you’re hitting this limit from the Event Viewer, under System – look for TCP/IP Warnings saying: “TCP/IP has reached the security limit imposed on the number of concurrent TCP connect attempts”. Keep in mind this is a cap only on incomplete outbound connect attempts per second, not total connections. Still, running servers and P2P programs can definitely be affected by this new limitation. Use the fix as you see fit.

To change or remove the limit, you can use the following program:

Event ID 4226 Patcher v2.11

http://www.speedguide.net/files/xp_sp2/EvID4226Patch211a-en.zip

- A patching program for removing or changing the limit imposed on connection attempts in SP2. The patcher has the ability to restore tcpip.sys back to the original… Still, you might want to back up tcpip.sys, use it at your own risk. The author of this patch can be reached @ http://www.lvllord.de/

4. Recommended settings for Windows 2000 / XP

Windows 2000 & XP, unlike NT supports large windows as described in RFC1323 ( the ‘RcvWindow’ has a maximum value of 2**30 rather than 64K), and includes some other improvements over its predecessors you can use to speed up any TCP/IP transfers. , the descriptions and other options are added to provide you with better understanding and enable you to customize your settings.

All the following entries, unless otherwise noted should be placed in the Windows 2000/XP Registry under the key

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters

TCPWindowSize

The value of TCP Window in the Windows 2000 Registry is DWORD, representing number of bytes, with range from 0 to 2^30. The recommended values (in red) optimize TCP for any high speed Internet connection and work best in most cases, however if you’d like to use a custom value follow these guidelines:

For best results, the TCPWindow should be a multiple of MSS (Maximum Segment Size). MSS is generally MTU – 40, where MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is the largest packet size that can be transmitted. MTU is usually 1500 (1492 for PPPoE connections). To determine the MTU value of your ISP, check out the Advanced Registry Editing section of our site.

There are three places in the Windows 2000 Registry where you can add the TCP Window parameter.

HKLM/SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters

GlobalMaxTcpWindowSize=”256960″ (DWORD, number of bytes) Valid range is from MSS to 2^30. Add the value as a decimal. Note: For best results RWIN has to be a multiple of MSS lower than 65535 times a scale factor that’s a power of 2, i.e. 44 x 1460 = 64240 x 2^2 = 256960. If you choose to use a RWIN lower than 65535, you can simply make it multiple of MSS and turn scaling off (Tcp1323Opts=0)

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters

TcpWindowSize=”256960″ (DWORD, number of bytes) Valid range is from MSS to 2^30. Add the value as a decimal. TcpWindowSize can also exist under TcpipParametersInterface – if added at this location, it overrides the global setting for this particular . Note (10/20/00): Seems MS has found another bug in Windows 2000, the TCPWindowSize should be configured with the global setting (GlobalMaxTcpWindowsSize) rather than this one – Q263088

Note: For best results RWIN has to be a multiple of MSS lower than 65535 times a scale factor that’s a power of 2, i.e. 44 x 1460 = 64240 x 2^2 = 256960. If you choose to use a RWIN lower than 65535, you can simply make it multiple of MSS and turn scaling off (Tcp1323Opts=0)

Tcp1323Opts

Tcp1323Opts is a necessary setting in order to enable Large TCPWindow support as described in RFC 1323. Without this parameter, the TCPWindow is limited to 64K.

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters

Tcp1323Opts=”1″ (DWORD, recommended setting is 1. The possible settings are 0 – Disable RFC 1323 options, 1 – Window scaling but no Timestamp options, 3 – Window scaling and Time stamp options.)

Note: Tcp1323Opts=”3″ might help in some cases where there is increased packet loss, however generally you’ll achieve better throughput with Tcp1323Opts=”1″, since Timestamps add 12 bytes to the header of each packet.

DefaultTTL

DefaultTTL determines the time in seconds and the number of hops a packet lives. While it does not directly affect speed, a larger value increases the amount of time it takes for a packet to be considered lost, discarded and retransmitted. A value that’s too small can cause packets to be unable to reach distant servers at all.

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters

DefaultTTL=”64″ (DWORD, recommended setting is 64. Other settings that are widely used are 128 and 32)

EnablePMTUDiscovery

When set to 1 (True), TCP attempts to discover MTU automatically over the path to a remote host. Setting this parameter to 0 causes MTU to default to 576 which reduces overall performance over high speed connections. Note that this setting is different than our Windows 9x recommendation.

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters

EnablePMTUDiscovery=”1″ (DWORD – boolean, valid settings are 0–>False and 1–>True. Many connections perform better with this entry at 1, however, if you prefer to set your upstream to send fixed 1500 packets, you might want to use 0 instead). When set at 1, establishing connections and initial transfer speed might slow down a bit, however you will get better throughput if somewhere in the path large packets need to be fragmented.

EnablePMTUBHDetect

Setting this parameter to 1 (True) enables “black hole” routers to be detected, however it also increases the maximum number of retransmissions for a given segment. In most cases you’d want to keep BHDetect to 0 (False).

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
EnablePMTUBHDetect=”0″ (DWORD – boolean, valid settings are 0–>False and 1–>True. Recommended setting is 0)

SackOpts

This parameter controls whether or not SACK (Selective Acknowledgement) support is enabled, as specified in RFC 2018. SACK is especially important for connections using large TCP Window sizes.

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
SackOpts=”1″ (DWORD – boolean, recommended setting is 1. Possible settings are 0 – No Sack options or 1 – Sack Option enabled).

TcpMaxDupAcks

This parameter determines the number of duplicate ACKs that must be received for the same sequence number of sent data before “fast retransmit” is triggered to resend the segment that has been dropped in transit.

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters

TcpMaxDupAcks=”2″ (DWORD – range 1-3, recommended setting is 2).

Patches

1. sguide_tweak_2k.zip

Description: Generic patch for Windows XP and Windows 2000 (all versions). This patch will optimize your TCP/IP Registry settings for high speed Internet connections. To install, extract the .inf file first, then double-click (or right-click on filename and choose install from the pull-down menu) and reboot for changes to take effect.

http://www.speedguide.net/files/sguide_tweak_2k.zip

2.sguide_tweak_2k_pppoe.zip

Description: Generic patch for Windows XP/2000 and DSL connections using PPPoE. This patch will optimize your TCP/IP Registry settings for high speed Internet connections. It is specifically designed for PPPoE DSL connections. To install, extract the .inf file first, then double-click (or right-click on filename and choose install from the pull-down menu) and reboot for changes to take effect.

http://www.speedguide.net/files/sguide_tweak_2k_pppoe.zip

3. winxp_dnscache.zip

Description: Patch Windows 2k/XP not to cache failed DNS entries. By default, when a DNS lookup fails (due to temporary DNS problems), Windows still caches the unsuccessful DNS query, and in turn fails to connect to a host regardless of the fact that the DNS server might be able to handle your lookup seconds later. This patch fixes the problem by configuring the DNS client to continue sending queries to an unresponsive network. To install, save to your HD, unzip the .reg file, then double-click the filename.

Web Patches – faster loading of Web Pages

The following patch increases Web page loading speed, by doubling the number of possible concurrent open connections. For example, imagine a web page has 20 images and some text – in order for your browser to get all these files, it opens 2 or 4 concurrent connections, depending on the Web server. Increasing the number of open connections allows for faster retrieving of the data. Please note that the patch sets some values outside of the HTML specs. If you decide to install it, backup your Registry first. Changes will take effect after you reboot. Download the patch appropriate for your OS:

OS: Windows 9x/ME

http://www.speedguide.net/files/sg_webtweak_9x.zip

OS: Windows 2K/XP/2k3

http://www.speedguide.net/files/sg_webtweak_2k.zip

TCP OPTIMISER

Description: The TCP Optimizer is a free, easy Windows program that provides an intuitive interface for tuning and optimizing your Internet connection. Just download and run, there is no installaion required. The program makes it easy to find the best MTU and RWIN values, test latency and tweak all the important broadband related registry parameters. The Optimizer can be helpful with tuning any Internet connection type, from dialup to Gigabit+

http://www.speedguide.net/files/TCPOptimizer.exe

I thank you so very much Venki for sending this one, I am sure everyone will benefit from this indepth guide of yours.

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